VGA is an analog signal, DVI and HDMI are both digital signals. There is no difference in image quality between DVI and HDMI. VGA's quality depends on the quality of the cable that you are using.
DVI and HDMI carry the same digital video signal, but use different connectors (DVI uses a white D-shell connector with a large pin count, while HDMI uses something that looks similar to an USB connector). The major difference is that HDMI also carries audio within the same cable, should you enable this feature, while DVI does not.
Another connector standard coming along is called DisplayPort. It's backward compatible with HDMI and DVI, but displays that exclusively use this technology for digital video connectivity won't work with HDMI or DVI video connections. Currently, a few manufacturers support this standard (Samsung and Dell are the major players currently).
As for the analog connections -
Composite combines both the luminance and color signals into one wire. It makes it less hassle to connect, but leads to severe Moire pattern with any device using this connection. This is capable of 480i only. Most commonly a yellow RCA/phono connector.
S-Video separates the luminance and color signals, which leads to a much more colorful and cleaner picture than what's possible with composite video. S-video uses a mini-DIN connector with 5 pins (2 pair, 1 key) and combines the wires within one cable. This is also known as the original form of component video, since the Y (luminance) and C (color) portions of the signal are separated. This is also 480i capable only, mostly due to the fact that component video was being released to mainstream TV sets around the same time progressive-scan and HDTV devices were being released, and S-Video cables typically being more prone to interference than component video cables..
Component video takes the concept of S-Video one step further, most commonly using the method of Y/Pb/Pr to split the video up. It uses 3 cables to do this, for the video information itself. The green connector is Y - it carries the video luminance information, and when connected by itself, produces a black and white picture. Pb (blue connector) and Pr (red connector) carry the color information with blues on one cable and reds on the other, which allows for component video to have a much deeper color depth than S-Video is capable of. This connector is capable of any resolution from 480i through 1080p, although 1080p is usually only supported by video game systems, some computer video cards, and high-end TV sets.
SCART is a European connector standard that never caught on in the states and had limited success in Japan. Basically, it's a 21-pin connector that carried an RGB video signal with 2 additional sync signals, along with the audio, from device to device. Because of this, HDMI is often referred to as DigitalSCART in Europe.
Finally, VGA is the final common connector with HDTV units. While generally discounted as a computer connection, VGA is actually capable of carrying screen resolutions going up to 2560x2048, though the most common top-end resolution of this connector was 2048x1536. This connection doesn't carry 480i, but does carry every other HDTV resolution very well.
DVI and HDMI carry the same digital video signal, but use different connectors (DVI uses a white D-shell connector with a large pin count, while HDMI uses something that looks similar to an USB connector). The major difference is that HDMI also carries audio within the same cable, should you enable this feature, while DVI does not.
Another connector standard coming along is called DisplayPort. It's backward compatible with HDMI and DVI, but displays that exclusively use this technology for digital video connectivity won't work with HDMI or DVI video connections. Currently, a few manufacturers support this standard (Samsung and Dell are the major players currently).
As for the analog connections -
Composite combines both the luminance and color signals into one wire. It makes it less hassle to connect, but leads to severe Moire pattern with any device using this connection. This is capable of 480i only. Most commonly a yellow RCA/phono connector.
S-Video separates the luminance and color signals, which leads to a much more colorful and cleaner picture than what's possible with composite video. S-video uses a mini-DIN connector with 5 pins (2 pair, 1 key) and combines the wires within one cable. This is also known as the original form of component video, since the Y (luminance) and C (color) portions of the signal are separated. This is also 480i capable only, mostly due to the fact that component video was being released to mainstream TV sets around the same time progressive-scan and HDTV devices were being released, and S-Video cables typically being more prone to interference than component video cables..
Component video takes the concept of S-Video one step further, most commonly using the method of Y/Pb/Pr to split the video up. It uses 3 cables to do this, for the video information itself. The green connector is Y - it carries the video luminance information, and when connected by itself, produces a black and white picture. Pb (blue connector) and Pr (red connector) carry the color information with blues on one cable and reds on the other, which allows for component video to have a much deeper color depth than S-Video is capable of. This connector is capable of any resolution from 480i through 1080p, although 1080p is usually only supported by video game systems, some computer video cards, and high-end TV sets.
SCART is a European connector standard that never caught on in the states and had limited success in Japan. Basically, it's a 21-pin connector that carried an RGB video signal with 2 additional sync signals, along with the audio, from device to device. Because of this, HDMI is often referred to as DigitalSCART in Europe.
Finally, VGA is the final common connector with HDTV units. While generally discounted as a computer connection, VGA is actually capable of carrying screen resolutions going up to 2560x2048, though the most common top-end resolution of this connector was 2048x1536. This connection doesn't carry 480i, but does carry every other HDTV resolution very well.
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